Request: Casio SA-series keyboards

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Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #119837 10/13/21 06:01 PM
Joined: Jun 2001 Posts: 490 Likes: 6 somewhere else entirely O Olivier Galibert Senior Member
Olivier Galibert Senior Member O Joined: Jun 2001 Posts: 490 Likes: 6 somewhere else entirely	Oh yeah, the compression format is not trivial at all. DAC dumps would help a lot. Do you know if the 551 has a test mode, like yamaha synths do?

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards

MooglyGuy #119838 10/13/21 06:26 PM

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Yeah, I wrote about it a bit in the driver comments:

Code

	To access the test mode (not mentioned in the service manual):
	Hold the "Start/Stop" and keypad 0 buttons together when turning on the keyboard.
	Afterwards, press one of these buttons:
	- Tone: LCD test (press repeatedly)
	- Keypad 0: switch test (press all front panel buttons in a specific order, generally left to right)
	- Keypad 1 or Rhythm: pedal and key test
	- Keypad 2: ROM test
	- Keypad 4/5/6: sound volume test
	- Keypad 7/8: stereo test
	- Keypad 9: MIDI loopback test
	- Keypad + or Song Bank: power source test
	- Keypad -: pitch wheel test
	- FFWD: exit test mode
	- Stop: power off

I can post DAC captures of the test tone(s) and some other simple ones (i.e. the synth leads) along with the actual ROM data a little later.

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards

MooglyGuy #119963 11/03/21 11:24 PM

Joined: Jan 2021

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https://revenant1.net/casio/5notetest.flac

Direct PCM bitstream captures of four instruments at A4 (Piano 1, E.Organ1, SynLead1, SynLead3) and the bass drum, all at maximum volume and velocity. The two synth leads have some built-in vibrato but are otherwise pretty basic waveforms. The output is clearly very oversampled (144.6 kHz, give or take a bit due to the crappy ceramic oscillator in this thing).

Initial register writes for each note:

Piano 1:

Code

[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample start 0x079df0
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample end   0x07eabc
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample loop  0x07d3c4
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x200a (data = 08)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 pitch 0x3fb5b0
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x6006 (data = 3e)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 volume 120 rate 255

E.Organ1:

Code

[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample start 0x08acec
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample end   0x08adac
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample loop  0x08acec
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x200a (data = 0b)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 pitch 0x95e4bc
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x6006 (data = 3e)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 volume 102 rate 255

SynLead1:

Code

[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample start 0x0aa10a
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample end   0x0aa368
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample loop  0x0aa34a
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x200a (data = 0e)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 pitch 0x2ed792
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x6006 (data = 1f)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 volume 108 rate 68

SynLead3:

Code

[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample start 0x0aa3ec
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample end   0x0aa50c
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample loop  0x0aa4dc
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x200a (data = 0e)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 pitch 0x4af25e
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x6006 (data = 3e)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 volume 104 rate 131

Bass drum:

Code

[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample start 0x0aa6fc
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample end   0x0ab610
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 sample loop  0x0ab610
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x200a (data = 0c)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 pitch 0x400000
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 cmd 0x6006 (data = 11)
[:maincpu:gt_sound] voice 0 volume 126 rate 255

One thing I noticed is that the looped portion of SynLead3 somewhat resembles a delta-encoded square wave (notice the two runs of zero-bytes):

Code

00 53 00 07 00 03 00 03 00 07 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 02 82 02 01 B3 01 FF 00 03 00 03 01 FF 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 02 7E 02

I'm not sure if all sounds have the same encoding/bit depth though (see the two unknown commands/registers in the log output for each note).

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #119999 11/12/21 03:40 AM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28 R Revenant Member
Revenant Member R Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28	After doing some digging, I've found what I believe is the Casio patent describing the GT913 sample format: JPH08101690A - Waveform reading device Two compact floating-point DPCM formats are described in the patent; I believe the relevant one here is the second one, where a 16-bit word contains a 2-bit exponent delta and two 7-bit sample deltas (see figure 13), and the least significant bit of a sample address apparently addresses one of the individual sample deltas. Figure 15 shows an additional 12-byte structure located at each sample's end address, containing five 16-bit sample values and five 3-bit exponent values. When a sample loops, the current output sample and exponent value are reloaded from one of the five respective values. This structure also exists at the end of each sample in the CTK-551 ROM (i.e. between the end of each sample and the start of the following sample). I believe the lower 3 bits of the 0x200a command's parameter (see the debug logs in the last post) are also supposed to be the initial exponent value. (Part of the description of both formats in this patent is also dedicated to describing a linear interpolation method for the decoded samples, but I'm not really concerned about that right now) Possibly related: JPH07199996A - Device and method fo...ng and decoding device for waveform data, which appears to describe the process for actually encoding the same 16-bit packed format. (Google doesn't have the diagrams for this one for some reason, Espacenet and Global Dossier both do.) Parsing the CTK-551 samples in this format seems to produce reasonable-looking delta values, but I'm having trouble trying to turn them back into uncompressed samples, and trying to grasp the correct behavior through Google's dodgy automatic translation is a bit of a pain in the ass. Hopefully I'm on the right track here, though. I'd love to make some more progress on emulating this, but clearly I'm still missing something.

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #120000 11/12/21 03:57 AM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28 R Revenant Member
Revenant Member R Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28	Also, for reference, a table of CTK-551 sample addresses and other info (incomplete instrument names, possible initial exponent value, etc): https://revenant1.net/casio/551samples.ods

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #120009 11/15/21 03:25 AM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28 R Revenant Member
Revenant Member R Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28	Alright, problem solved! Time to start getting this driver to make some noise, I guess. I think the older models with the OKI CPUs might use the 8-bit version of the format from these patents, but I don't really have a way to verify that right now. Still haven't looked any more into how the CTK-2100 does audio yet either.
	2 members like this: R. Belmont, =CO=Windler

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #120011 11/15/21 04:50 AM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 138 Likes: 3 Germany = =CO=Windler Senior Member
=CO=Windler Senior Member = Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 138 Likes: 3 Germany	Do you need 4bit/8bit Casio rom dumps? Those Casios had various curves and sine waves in their roms, those may be lookup tables for envelopes and FM synth variants. The sample parts of 16bit ROMs (MT-540 etc.) has strange pops/glitches within samples, those likely control envelopes or such. According to patents, Casio used daisychained envelope structures with any numbers of section (not only ADSR/ADR or such) like a linked list, and was very proud of seamless interpolation between samples to avoid aliasing noise (seen in SK-1 patents). MAY THE SOFTWARE BE WITH YOU! {weltenschule.de}

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards =CO=Windler #120020 11/15/21 11:11 PM
Joined: Mar 2006 Posts: 1,074 Likes: 5 PA, USA L Lord Nightmare Very Senior Member
Lord Nightmare Very Senior Member L Joined: Mar 2006 Posts: 1,074 Likes: 5 PA, USA	I work under the assumption that the answer to "do you need xyz rom dumps" is always going to be "yes please". LN "When life gives you zombies... CHA-CHIK! ...you make zombie-ade!"

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #120090 11/24/21 10:58 PM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28 R Revenant Member
Revenant Member R Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28	Volume envelopes are still kind of rough, but the rest is coming along. I'll probably clean it up a bit more after Thanksgiving.
	4 members like this: Stiletto, R. Belmont, Duke, pmackinlay

Re: Request: Casio SA-series keyboards MooglyGuy #120275 12/31/21 12:41 AM
Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28 R Revenant Member
Revenant Member R Joined: Jan 2021 Posts: 48 Likes: 28	I mirrored a bunch of service manuals from various sources, mostly late-90s onward, organized by CPU: https://revenant1.net/casio/manuals/ The upd91x directory has the GT913 and related (uPD912/913/915). ML6763 looks like another ARM-based COB like the uPD800468.
	1 member likes this: R. Belmont

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