You can load it in MAME by appending this to the rx78.xml:

Code
<software name="chlgolf">
		<description>Challenge Golf</description>
		<year>1983</year>
		<publisher>Bandai</publisher>
		<part name="cart" interface="rx78_cart">
			<dataarea name="rom" size="16384">
				<rom name="ChallengeGolf.bin" size="0x2000" crc="e4edf5c3" sha1="25322dbf6b8f80604aebe87cc375e5a63b98b6d6" offset="0x2000" />
				<rom size="0x2000" offset="0x0000" loadflag="continue" />
			</dataarea>
		</part>
	</software>

Game can be started by pressing home key then end (1 player / level 2 settings), I have no hell of an idea about why.