Hm... Maybe this could be done by increasing the frequency and adding a counter somewhere? Let's suppose it should remain "clear" (is "clear" = 0?) during 1/10 of the cycle. We could have something like...
Code
static MACHINE_CONFIG_START( mc1000, mc1000_state )
[...]
    MDRV_TIMER_ADD_PERIODIC("ne555", ne555_tick, HZ(60*10))
and...
Code
static TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK( ne555_tick )
{
    mc1000_state *state = timer.machine->driver_data<mc1000_state>();

    if (++counter == 10)
    {
        counter = 0;
        state->ne555_int = CLEAR_LINE;
    }
    else
    {
        state->ne555_int = ASSERT_LINE;
    }

    cputag_set_input_line(timer.machine, Z80_TAG, INPUT_LINE_IRQ0, state->ne555_int);
}
Whaddya think?